Intramuscular electrostimulation as adjuvanttreatment um stiff-person syndrom
case report
Keywords:
ANTI-GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE ANTIBODIES, ELECTROACUPUNCTURE, MUSCLE SPASM, PERCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NEUROMODULATION THERAPY, STIFF-PERSONSYNDROME, THYMOMAAbstract
The stiff-personsyndromeis a rarediseaseofthe central nervous system, with no focal signs, underdiagnosed, more prevalent in women, between 30 and 60 yearsold, characterizedbyintermittent, painful, andprogressivestiffnessand muscular spasmofthetrunkandlimbs. The autoimmuneoriginofthisconditionisconsidered, given its frequentassociationwithinsulin-dependent diabetes andthepresenceofantibodiesagainst 65- kDa glutamicaciddecarboxylase in 60–80% oftheseindividuals. It alsomanifests as paraneoplasticsyndrome, associatedwiththyroidandthymustumors. The authorsreportthe case of a 41-year-old male patientwithgeneralizedspasticmusclecontracture, precededbythymoma, withprogressive motor andventilatoryrepercussions, treatedwithpharmacotherapyandelectroacupuncture.
References
Albahra S, Yates SG, Joseph D, De Simone N, Burner JD, Sarode R. Role of plasma exchange in stiffpersonsyndrome. TransfusApherSci. 2019 Jun;58(3):310-312. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.03.015. Epub 2019 Mar 19. PMID: 30952585.
Abbatemarco JR, Willis MA, Wilson RG, Nagel SJ, Machado AG, Bethoux FA. Case Series: IntrathecalBaclofenTherapy in Stiff-Person Syndrome. Neuromodulation. 2018 Oct;21(7):655-659. doi: 10.1111/ner.12765. Epub 2018 Mar 13. PMID: 29532593.
Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Stiff-personsyndrome: insights into a complexautoimmunedisorder. J NeurolNeurosurgPsychiatry. 2015 Aug;86(8):840-8. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309201. Epub 2014 Dec 15. PMID: 25511790.
Dalakas MC. Progressandstiffchallenges in understandingthe role of GADantibodies in stiff-personsyndrome. ExpNeurol. 2013 Sep;247:303-7. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.02.010. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23485793.
Ali F, Rowley M, Jayakrishnan B, Teuber S, Gershwin ME, Mackay IR. Stiff-personsyndrome (SPS) andanti-GAD-related CNS degenerations: proteanadditionstotheautoimmune central neuropathies. J Autoimmun. 2011 Sep;37(2):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 Jun 16. PMID: 21680149.
Zhu F, Shan W, Lv R, Li Z, Wang Q. Clinicalcharacteristicsof GAD 65-associated autoimmuneencephalitis. Acta NeurolScand. 2020 Sep;142(3):281- 293. doi: 10.1111/ane.13281. Epub 2020 Jun 15. PMID: 32416610.
Ngo DH, Vo TS. AnUpdated Review onPharmaceuticalPropertiesofGammaAminobutyricAcid. Molecules. 2019 Jul 24;24(15):2678. doi: 10.3390/ molecules24152678. PMID: 31344785; PMCID: PMC6696076.
Raju R, Rakocevic G, Chen Z, Hoehn G, Semino-Mora C, Shi W, Olsen R, Dalakas MC. Autoimmunityto GABAA-receptor-associatedprotein in stiff-personsyndrome. Brain. 2006 Dec;129(Pt 12):3270-6. doi: 10.1093/ brain/awl245. Epub 2006 Sep 19. PMID: 16984900.
Bhatti AB, Gazali ZA. RecentAdvancesand Review onTreatmentofStiff Person Syndrome in AdultsandPediatricPatients. Cureus. 2015 Dec 22;7(12):e427. doi: 10.7759/cureus.427. PMID: 26848416; PMCID: PMC4727915.
Hadavi S, Noyce AJ, Leslie RD, Giovannoni G. Stiffpersonsyndrome. PractNeurol. 2011 Oct;11(5):272-82. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2011-000071. PMID: 21921002.
Cervantes CE, Lee Lau H, Binazir TA, O'Brien KO, Cross JS. Why It IsNot Always Anxiety: A ToughDiagnosisofStiff Person Syndrome. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2017;2017:7431092. doi: 10.1155/2017/7431092. Epub 2017 Aug 14. PMID: 28890837; PMCID: PMC5584351.
Balint B, Meinck HM. PragmaticTreatmentofStiff Person Spectrum Disorders. MovDisordClinPract. 2018 Jul 19;5(4):394-401. doi: 10.1002/ mdc3.12629. PMID: 30363317; PMCID: PMC6174384.
Buechner S, Florio I, Capone L. Stiff Person Syndrome: A RareNeurologicalDisorder, Heterogeneous in ClinicalPresentationandNotEasytoTreat. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2015;2015:278065. doi: 10.1155/2015/278065. Epub 2015 May 27. PMID: 26106494; PMCID: PMC4461724.
Mikhail M, Mekhail Y, Mekhail T. Thymicneoplasms: a clinical update. CurrOncol Rep. 2012 Aug;14(4):350-8. doi: 10.1007/s11912-012-0246-8. PMID: 22639107.
Marx A, Chan JK, Coindre JM, Detterbeck F, Girard N, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Kurrer MO, Marom EM, Moreira AL, Mukai K, Orazi A, Ströbel P. The 2015 World Health OrganizationClassificationofTumorsoftheThymus: ContinuityandChanges. J ThoracOncol. 2015 Oct;10(10):1383-95. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000654. PMID: 26295375; PMCID: PMC4581965.
Chen D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang X, Shi J, Zhang J, Guan W, Li B, Fan W. Modulationofhippocampaldopamineandsynapse-relatedproteinsbyelectroacupuncture improves memorydeficitcausedbysleepdeprivation. Acupunct Med. 2020 Oct;38(5):343-351. doi: 10.1177/0964528420902147. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32370535.
Napadow V, Ahn A, Longhurst J, Lao L, Stener-Victorin E, Harris R, Langevin HM. The status and future ofacupuncturemechanismresearch. J AlternComplement Med. 2008 Sep;14(7):861-9. doi: 10.1089/acm.2008. SAR-3. PMID: 18803495; PMCID: PMC3155097.
Faingold CL. Electricalstimulationtherapies for CNS disordersandpain are mediatedbycompetitionbetweendifferentneuronal networks in thebrain. Med Hypotheses. 2008 Nov;71(5):668-81. doi: 10.1016/j. mehy.2008.06.030. Epub 2008 Aug 30. PMID: 18762389; PMCID: PMC2650838.
Zhao ZQ. Neural mechanismunderlyingacupuncture analgesia. ProgNeurobiol. 2008 Aug;85(4):355-75. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.05.004. Epub 2008 Jun 5. PMID: 18582529.
Murakami T, Sakuma K, Nomura T, Nakashima K. Short-intervalintracorticalinhibitionismodulatedby high-frequencyperipheralmixednervestimulation. NeurosciLett. 2007 Jun 8;420(1):72-5. doi: 10.1016/j. neulet.2007.04.059. Epub 2007 May 1. PMID: 17512117.
Ridding MC, Brouwer B, Miles TS, Pitcher JB, Thompson PD. Changes in muscle responses tostimulationofthe motor cortexinducedbyperipheralnervestimulation in humansubjects. ExpBrain Res. 2000 Mar;131(1):135- 43. doi: 10.1007/s002219900269. PMID: 10759179.
Chipchase LS, Schabrun SM, Hodges PW. Peripheralelectricalstimulationtoinduce cortical plasticity: a systematic review ofstimulusparameters. ClinNeurophysiol. 2011 Mar;122(3):456-463. doi: 10.1016/j. clinph.2010.07.025. Epub 2010 Aug 23. PMID: 20739217.
Ibuki T, Hama AT, Wang XT, Pappas GD, Sagen J. Lossof GABAimmunoreactivity in thespinal dorsal hornofratswithperipheralnerveinjuryandpromotionofrecoveryby adrenal medullarygrafts. Neuroscience. 1997 Feb;76(3):845-58. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00341-7. PMID: 9135056.
Liu CZ, Kong J, Wang K. AcupunctureTherapiesandNeuroplasticity. Neural Plast. 2017;2017:6178505. doi: 10.1155/2017/6178505. Epub 2017 Apr 27. PMID: 28536659; PMCID: PMC5425831.