Epidemiological and obstetric profile of pregnant women with premature in a public maternity in Goiânia

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon that can involve complications in the process of pregnancy and giving birth. Among them, Premature Labor (PPT), which represents a challenge for current public health and an aggravating factor for perinatal health, given that premature birth is the biggest risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in the world. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and obstetric profile of pregnant women with preterm birth. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach. Results: 145 medical records of pregnant women attended at the Hospital and Maternity Dona Íris, from February to August and who had premature labor were analyzed. The women's age ranged from 13 to 43 years (27.83±6.38) and the mean gestational age at delivery was 34.36±2.39 (24 to 36 weeks). These were single women (61.4%), with an education level of around 8 years of study, that is, complete high school (45.5%), followed by complete higher education (13.1%) and incomplete high school (12.4%). Regarding the health profile, the most frequent blood type was O+, followed by A+ and B+, representing 36.6; 31.0 and 12.4%, respectively. When performing serology for HIV and Syphilis, 9 (6.2%) cases of gestational syphilis were reported, all women who had a rapid HIV test result were non-reactive. It was observed that most women did not have comorbidities during pregnancy (65.5%) and of those who did (13.1%), the most prevalent were Pregnancy-Specific Hypertensive Disease, followed by Gestational Diabetes mellitus (6.9 %). As for gestational outcomes, most deliveries were cesarean, and single-fetus pregnancy (79.3%). Analysis of the women's obstetric history shows that the majority (31.0%) of women had two previous pregnancies, followed by 23.4% with one and three pregnancies, respectively. Regarding previous births, there was a predominance of two births (33.8%), followed by one and three births, with 31.7 and 17.2%, respectively. Abortion cases were observed in 23.5% of women. The minimum number of prenatal consultations was none and the maximum was 15, with a mean of 6.12±2.78 consultations. Most women (15.9%) had seven appointments, followed by 14.5% with eight appointments and 12.4% with five and six appointments, respectively. Regarding neonatal outcomes, Apgar scores ranged from 0 to 10 (7.31±2.0) for the first minute and 0 to 10 (8.60±1.65) for the fifth minute. Conclusion: The sociodemographic profile is of women with an average age of 27 years, single and having completed high school. The characterization of clinical and obstetric conditions and blood type O+, non-reactive for syphilis and HIV and no comorbidities. With two previous pregnancies, two births, no miscarriages and a single fetus. The obstetric cause that most contributed to premature labor was the Premature Rupture of Membranes (ROPREMA).