Family and community medicine

support for HIV control in goiás

Abstract

Introduction: HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, destroying CD4 cells, which play a crucial role in defending the body against infections. By weakening this system, HIV increases the body’s vulnerability to various opportunistic diseases, such as tuberculosis and certain types of cancer. Objective: To provide an overview of HIV infection in the state of Goiás and evaluate the role of Family and Community Medicine in supporting the control of HIV infection. Methods: This is a descriptive and ecological study that used secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan). Results: HIV infection remains a major challenge in the state of Goiás, reflecting national and global trends. Between 1984 and 2022, 25,140 AIDS cases were reported in Goiás, with a significant focus on vulnerable populations, particularly in the 25 to 29 and 30 to 34 age groups, reflecting the predominantly sexual transmission pattern of the disease. Additionally, there is a significant gender disparity, with 68.8% of cases in men, suggesting greater vulnerability in this group due to HIV-related risk behaviors. Demographic and social characteristics, such as education level and race, also influence the epidemic profile, with individuals with incomplete primary education and those identifying as mixed race (parda) being the most affected. Conclusion: The analysis of AIDS data in both the state of Goiás and the municipality of Anápolis reveals that the disease remains a significant public health issue, particularly among men and young adults. Although most cases are associated with heterosexual exposure, the presence of cases among LGBT populations and intravenous drug users is notable. The continuous increase in cases over the years, both in Goiás and Anápolis, highlights the urgent need to maintain and intensify preventive efforts, health education on HIV/AIDS, and the implementation of public policies aimed at reducing inequalities in access to care. In Anápolis, the number of cases has remained high in recent years, emphasizing the need for ongoing interventions, including expanded testing, early diagnosis, and effective treatment. Awareness campaigns, increased testing, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic likely influenced recent data fluctuations. Family and Community Medicine has a central role to play in strengthening primary care, promoting prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment adherence. Investing in the training of these professionals, especially regarding PrEP and stigma reduction, can contribute to a more effective response to HIV in the state and, more broadly, in Brazil.